Rules of Modifier HSC
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With
Habib Sir
BA (Hon’s) JnU; MA in ELT (IML, DU)
BCS–General Education
Lecturer, Amtali Govt. College
📘 Topic: The Modifier (Based on class lecture)
📌 Sentence Structure Example:
🔹 A → Determiner
🔹 very → Intensifier
🔹 beautiful → Adjective
🔹 book → Noun
🔹 which is red → Appositive Clause
🔹 badly → Adverb
🔍 What is a Modifier?
Modifier হলো এমন একটি শব্দ, Phrase বা Clause যা কোনো Verb, Noun, বা Adjective-এর অর্থকে আরও স্পষ্ট করে তোলে।
👉 Modifier দুই ধরনের হয়:
1. Pre-modifier
2. Post-modifier
✅ Pre-modifier
1. Determiner
* Articles: A, An, The ✅
Examples:
📝 I saw a cat in the garden.
👉 "a" হল Article determiner
* Possessives: 👉 এটি কোনো কিছুর মালিকানা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
her, his, our, my, your, their, whose, which, what ✅
Examples:
* This is my book.
* Her dress is beautiful.
* We visited their house.
* Do you know whose pen this is?
* Demonstratives:👉 কোন বস্তুটা বা কারা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয় — দূরত্ব বোঝায় (নিকট বা দূর)।
• This–These
• That–Those ✅
Examples:
* I like this dress. (নিকটবর্তী, একবচন)
* Please bring that chair. (দূরবর্তী, একবচন)
* These apples are fresh. (নিকটবর্তী, বহুবচন)
* Those boys are playing. (দূরবর্তী, বহুবচন)
* Quantifiers:👉 পরিমাণ বা সংখ্যা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
• Many, more, few ✅
• less, any, lots of, some ✅
• one, two, three...
• all, several, enough
Examples:
* There are many students in the class.
* She has few friends.
* We didn’t get enough time.
* All children need love.
* Is there any milk left?
2. Intensifier
ব্যবহৃত হয় Adjective বা Adverb-এর আগে তার মান বাড়াতে:
So, too, very ✅, really, quite, extremely...
📝 She is very smart.
👉 "very" হল Intensifier (Adjective "smart"-কে modify করছে)
3. Noun Adjective
দুটি পাশাপাশি Noun এর প্রথমটি modifier হিসেবে কাজ করে।
📝 I like red pen.
👉 এখানে red একটি Noun Adjective।
📝 I have a chicken soup.
👉 "chicken" এখানে Noun, যা "soup" Noun-কে modify করছে
🔄 Participial Adjectives
* Present participle: Verb + ing (Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করে)
📝 A flying bird
📝 The running water looks fresh.
👉 "running" → Verb+ing → Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত
* Past participle: Verb (V3)
📝 A broken chair
📝 We sat on a broken chair.
👉 "broken" → Verb (V3) → Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত
✅ Post-modifier
1. Appositive
Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য দেয়।
📝 My friend, a doctor, lives in Dhaka.
📝 My uncle, a retired teacher, lives in Barishal.
👉 "a retired teacher" → noun এর পর Appositive
2. Infinitive (to + base verb)
📝 I told him to go to college.
📝 He wants to play football.
👉 "to play" → Infinitive phrase
3. Relative Clause
📝 This is the college where I studied.
📝 The man who called you is my friend.
👉 "who called you" → Relative clause
📌 Phrase Modifier (without verb)
📝 She was walking from shop to shop.
👉 "from shop to shop" → Verb ছাড়া Phrase (modifier হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত)
Parts of speech-এর সংমিশ্রণ, কিন্তু Verb ছাড়া।
📝 The man was begging from street to street.
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